Physical AI, robots, and what’s next after the end-of-line 

Once a product leaves the packaging line, plenty of work remains. Inspection, handling, palletizing, warehouse movement, and even truck loading are increasingly part of a more automated flow. 

In this edition of On the Line, we look at how automation is connecting packaging with downstream and warehouse operations. We also explore how physical AI is taking on variable logistics work, collaborative palletizing for higher-payload applications, and why integration is becoming a bigger consideration for OEMs.  

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Beyond the conveyor: How automation connects packaging lines to the warehouse 

Packaging may be one step in a product’s journey, but automation increasingly connects what happens next. 

Direct Conveyors, Coesia’s AMC Automation, Rockwell Automation, and The Raymond Corporation show how conveyors, vision systems, warehouse automation, and orchestration software are helping reduce manual handoffs as products move beyond the packaging line. 

“When we talk about end-to-end, we’re really thinking about from order creation through delivery, and all the steps in between,” said Ara Surenian, business manager for production logistics at Rockwell Automation. “From managing the inventory, deploying the inventory to the production line, moving it through, and then from there going to the warehouse and out the door.” 

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Direct Conveyors’ conveyor technology positions and manipulates packages for downstream processes (left side of image). Rockwell Automation’s OTTO autonomous mobile robots connect material movement with production demand (right side of image).
Direct Conveyors’ conveyor technology positions and manipulates packages for downstream processes (left side of image). Rockwell Automation’s OTTO autonomous mobile robots connect material movement with production demand (right side of image). Source: Sarah Wynn

Dexterity ‘superhumanoid’ robot uses physical AI for truck loading and unloading 

Truck loading is difficult to automate because boxes arrive in different sizes, shapes, weights, and conditions. 

Dexterity’s Mech robot uses physical AI to respond to those changing conditions, while Beckhoff Automation worked with Dexterity on the control architecture connecting motion, safety, navigation, and data. 

“It’s just like you’re playing Tetris,” said Robert Sun, co-founder and founding engineer at Dexterity. “This is a weird game that you have to play or learn on the job that can’t really be automated, no matter how hard you think about it.” 

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Dexterity’s Mech robot moves packages using physical AI, with Beckhoff Automation supporting the control architecture connecting motion, safety, navigation, and data.
Dexterity’s Mech robot moves packages using physical AI, with Beckhoff Automation supporting the control architecture connecting motion, safety, navigation, and data. Source: Beckhoff Automation

Packaging automation shifts to ease warehouse integration, says Interact Analysis 

As packaging becomes part of broader warehouse automation projects, ease of integration is becoming a bigger consideration for OEMs. 

Interact Analysis’ Vanessa Lopez explains that suppliers are putting more emphasis on modular design, simpler deployment, and compatibility with existing warehouse systems. The firm’s research found integration complexity was the top barrier to adopting more automation and technology. 

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Integration complexity is the top barrier to fulfillment automation.
Integration complexity is the top barrier to fulfillment automation. Source: Interact Analysis

Collaborative palletizing is expanding into applications that require heavier payloads and higher throughput. 

FlexLink’s RC20 can handle payloads up to 17 kilograms and reach speeds of up to 12 boxes per minute with double pick. Robot Config software also allows users to create pallet patterns and make changeovers without robotic programming experience. 

“With RC20, we are extending collaborative palletizing into applications that require higher payloads and throughput, while preserving the compactness and accessibility that make this technology valuable on the shop floor,” said Henrik Furhoff, CEO of FlexLink, in a statement. 

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FlexLink’s RC20 collaborative palletizing cell features a FANUC CRX20 robot arm and a compact footprint for end-of-line applications.
FlexLink’s RC20 collaborative palletizing cell features a FANUC CRX20 robot arm and a compact footprint for end-of-line applications. Source: FlexLink, Adobe Stock

Final takeaway 

Automation is extending beyond individual packaging machines. As more downstream processes become automated, how well those systems connect is becoming just as important as what each can do on its own.  

Written by

Sarah Wynn

Sarah Wynn serves as Senior Editor (Digital) for Packaging OEM. She uses her digital storytelling expertise to highlight packaging machinery, formats, and sustainability. Wynn joined Arrowfly in 2024 with eight years of experience as a digital journalist in local and national news, winning awards for her social media coverage. Email Sarah Wynn at [email protected]